![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() They saw faster reactions in the substituted nanorods. This let the researchers determine the exact size of nanoparticles in the cathode and analyze how the cathode changed in different phases of the charge-discharge process. First, they used a powerful beam of electrons and a technique called transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to look at the FeF 3 nanorods at a resolution of 0.1 nanometers. To investigate the reaction pathway, scientists conducted several experiments. But after substituting with cobalt and oxygen, however, the reaction becomes more reversible. However, the reaction is not fully reversible. When lithium ions are inserted into FeF 3, the material converts to iron and lithium fluoride. Substituting the cathode material with oxygen and cobalt prevents lithium from breaking chemical bonds and preserves the material’s structure. This let the scientists manipulate the reaction pathway and make it more “reversible.” To overcome these challenges, the scientists added cobalt and oxygen atoms to FeF 3 nanorods through a process called chemical substitution. Compounds such as FeF 3, however, can transfer several electrons through a more complex reaction mechanism known as a conversion reaction.ĭespite FeF 3’s potential to increase cathode capacity, the compound has not worked well in lithium-ion batteries in the past due to three complications with its conversion reaction: poor energy efficiency (hysteresis), a slow reaction rate, and side reactions that can degrade its cycling life. Materials normally used in lithium-ion batteries are based on intercalation chemistry while efficient, it only transfers a single electron, thus limiting the cathode. The team synthesized a new cathode material, a modified form of iron trifluoride (FeF 3), which is composed of iron and fluorine-inexpensive and environmentally benign elements that are known to have inherently higher capacities than traditional cathode materials. “And cathode materials are always the bottleneck for further improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.” “Lithium-ion batteries consist of an anode and a cathode,” says Xiulin Fan, a lead scientist on the team. Army Research Lab, has developed a cathode material that could triple the energy density of lithium-ion battery electrodes. The team, which also includes scientists at the University of Maryland and the U.S. A team of scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory have found a way to boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, which could lead to longer-lasting batteries and expand the use of wind and solar energy. As the demand for smartphones, electric vehicles, and renewable energy continues to rise, researchers are searching for ways to improve lithium-ion batteries-the most common type of battery found in home electronics and a potential way to store grid-scale energy. ![]()
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